Off-grid photovoltaic system integrates solar panels, hybrid MPPT inverter with battery charging, and ESP32-based IoT monitoring. Solar energy flows through the Onduleur Hybride to charge the Batterie and power DC loads via adapters, while a Convertisseur DC-DC steps voltage for the ESP32 microcontroller. The ESP32 collects real-time data from INA219 voltage sensor and LM35 temperature sensor, transmitting metrics via WiFi to cloud infrastructure for mobile app visualization. This architecture enables remote monitoring of battery state-of-charge, panel efficiency, and thermal conditions—critical for optimizing energy harvest and preventing battery degradation in standalone solar installations. Fork this diagram on Diagrams.so to customize sensor configurations, add MQTT protocols, or integrate alternative cloud platforms for your renewable energy projects.