Hospital Management System architecture integrates clinical workflows across Emergency, Departments, Operating Rooms, and Lab services using priority queues, interval trees, and hash maps for efficient patient routing and resource allocation. Clinical Staff, Admin, and Lab Technicians authenticate via WAF and API Gateway, then route through Load Balancer to specialized services: Emergency Service manages triage with min-heap priority queues and ER room allocation, Department Managers oversee Cardiology, Surgery, Internal, and Orthopedics with fixed bed assignments, OR Scheduler maintains operating room schedules via interval trees, and Lab Service processes analysis requests with k-capacity slots. Patient records, ER state, department databases, and blood bank inventory are persisted in the Data Layer using hash maps, B-trees, linked lists, and type-specific queues, with caching and audit logging for compliance. This architecture demonstrates how data structures (priority queues, tries, interval trees) optimize real-time clinical decision-making, reduce patient wait times, and ensure resource utilization across a multi-department hospital. Fork this diagram on Diagrams.so to customize department configurations, adjust queue capacities, or integrate additional clinical services like pharmacy or radiology. The design balances immediate emergency response with scheduled procedures, making it ideal for mid-to-large hospitals managing complex patient flows.