Hexagonal architecture for a real-time messaging system separates concerns across presentation, application, domain, and infrastructure layers using ports and adapters. HTTP and WebSocket adapters route client requests to use cases like Send Message, Create Conversation, and List Messages, which interact with domain entities through repository and publisher ports. Infrastructure adapters implement these ports using Prisma ORM for PostgreSQL and Redis, Socket.IO for real-time updates, and email/SMS notification services. This design isolates business logic from external dependencies, enabling independent testing, easy adapter swaps, and scalable real-time communication. Fork and customize this diagram on Diagrams.so to match your messaging platform's specific adapters and domain entities.